Knowing the Differences: Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment

Many people struggle to understand the difference between the terms sexual assault and sexual harassment. These phrases are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation, but each has its own legal meaning and implications. Sexual misconduct in any form is unacceptable and can leave lasting impacts on its victims. Whether you’re dealing with a situation personally or supporting someone else, it can be helpful to know the differences.  

Sexual Harassment: Unwelcome Sexual Behavior 

In Texas, sexual harassment is an overarching term that refers to unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that creates a hostile, intimidating, or uncomfortable environment. This could include anything from inappropriate jokes or comments to more serious actions like unwanted touching or persistent advances.  

A classic example is when a coworker repeatedly makes suggestive comments or sends inappropriate messages, making you feel uneasy. Sexual harassment doesn’t always involve physical contact; even verbal or written communication can qualify.  

There are generally two types of sexual harassment defined by Texas law. The first is called “quid pro quo” sexual harassment, translated literally as “this for that”. Quid pro quo harassment occurs when someone in a position of power demands sexual favors in exchange for job benefits, like promotions or continued employment. It involves a clear link between the victim’s submission to or rejection of the advances and a tangible impact on their job. 

The second type of harassment is “hostile work environment” when unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature is so severe or pervasive that it creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. This behavior disrupts the victim’s ability to perform their job effectively. 

In the workplace, sexual harassment is illegal under the Texas Commission on Human Rights Act (TCHRA). This means that if you’re experiencing sexual harassment at work, you have the right to report it and seek legal action if necessary.  But the TCHRA requires you to file a complaint with the Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) within a strict deadline to protect your claim.  A sexual harassment at Carter Law Group can help you with the process of filing with the TWC.  Call us now at 214-390-4173 for a free consultation. 

Sexual Assault: Physical Violation 

The term sexual assault covers a wide range of non-consensual sexual activities, from groping to rape. Unlike harassment, which can be verbal or non-physical, sexual assault involves some form of physical contact. It’s important to note that sexual assault doesn’t always involve violence or force—lack of consent is what defines the act. 

Even if someone didn’t explicitly say “no,” if they didn’t give clear, voluntary, and enthusiastic consent, any sexual contact can be considered assault. The law recognizes that there are situations where someone might be unable to give consent, such as when they’re unconscious, intoxicated, or underage. 

Sexual assault is a criminal offense, and the consequences can be severe, including jail time for the perpetrator. It’s important to understand that sexual assault isn’t just about violent attacks; it includes any non-consensual sexual contact. 

If you were sexually assaulted while in the workplace or while performing work for your employer, you may have a claim against your employer for failing to keep you safe, even if your boss was not the person who assaulted you. 

Distinguishing the Two 

When evaluating a case, the Texas Court will look at six factors to determine whether it is sexual harassment or sexual assault: 

1. Did the plaintiff’s supervisor offer them a promotion or tie sexual favors to job performance? 

1. Did the plaintiff’s supervisor’s actions unreasonably interfere with work performance or create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment? 

1. Was there any discussion of a sexual nature or were there any actions by their supervisor that could be interpreted in a sexual way prior to the alleged assault? 

1. Was the supervisor’s behavior part of a pattern? 

1. Had the plaintiff witnessed or reported any prior assaultive behavior by their supervisor or any other manager? 

1. Did the victim accuse their employer of being responsible for fostering or tolerating a hostile work environment? 

There are important procedural and damages differences in a lawsuit for sexual harassment vs sexual assault.  You should consult with an attorney who specializes in this area of law to determine the best legal strategy for the particular facts of your case. 

Conclusion 

Experiencing any type of sexual misconduct can be devastating and traumatizing for both the victim and any witnesses. Any kind of violating behavior is illegal and should be reported. The process that follows can add to the confusion and stress. At Carter Law Group, we are committed to providing compassionate and expert legal support to those facing these challenging situations. Whether you need help navigating what kind of case you have or pursuing justice after an assault, our experienced team is here to guide you every step of the way. Don’t face this alone—let us help you secure the justice and protection you deserve. Call our line for a free consultation.